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Updated: Jun 4, 2025

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
Published on: September 6, 2024
[How I treat…the cardiogenic acute pulmonary oedema]
Félix Ducrocq1, Michèle Yerna1
1Service des Urgences, CHC Mont Légia, Liège, Belgique.
Abstract:
In the context of Acute Pulmonary Edema (APE), the old school moto was LMNOP, for "Lasix-Morphine-Nitrates-Oxygen-Positive Pressure". However, this mnemonic, while not entirely inaccurate, deserves revision or at least a slight reinterpretation. APE remains a well-known condition in emergency departments, with a high mortality rate. Despite its prevalence, management recommendations have seen minimal evolution over the past four decades, with references dating back to a 1974 article in the New England Journal of Medicine that already advocated for the triplet of Lasix-Oxygen-Nitrates, a recommendation still present in the 2021 ESC guidelines. In this article, we will discuss the management and potential updates in the treatment of this common pathology.
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