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Exploring the relationship between gut microbiota and breast diseases using Mendelian randomization analysis.

Xin Wang^1,2, Haoyu Gao³, Yiyao Zeng⁴

¹Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Frontiers in Medicine

|December 19, 2024

Summary

This study used Mendelian randomization to find causal links between gut bacteria and breast diseases. Specific bacteria were linked to breast cancer, cysts, and infections, suggesting early screening potential.

Keywords:

Mendelian randomization breast cancer breast diseases gut microbiota single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

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Area of Science:

Microbiome research
Genetics
Oncology

Background:

The relationship between gut microbiota and breast diseases is increasingly recognized but not fully understood.
Causality between gut microbiome composition and various breast conditions requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and breast diseases using Mendelian randomization.
To identify specific microbial taxa associated with breast cancer, breast cysts, inflammatory breast disorders, and infections of the breast.

Main Methods:

Two-way Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed.
Genetic data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for gut microbiota and breast diseases were utilized.
Inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method with sensitivity analyses (Cochran's Q, MR-Egger, leave-one-out) ensured result robustness.

Main Results:

Significant causal links were found between 20 microbial categories and breast diseases (p < 0.05).
Family.Rikenellaceae showed an inverse relationship with overall breast cancer (BC) after Bonferroni correction.
Specific genera and families were associated with different breast disease subtypes, including estrogen receptor-positive/negative breast cancer, breast cysts, inflammatory disorders, and childbirth-related infections.

Conclusions:

Mendelian randomization analysis confirmed a causal link between gut microbiota and breast diseases.
Findings suggest that early stool tests could be a potential screening method for identifying individuals at higher risk of breast diseases.