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Updated: Jun 4, 2025
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Microbiome Differences in Colorectal Cancer Patients and Healthy Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Antigen
Gordon C Ibeanu1, Adekunle B Rowaiye1,2, Joy C Okoli1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide, with numerous risk factors contributing to its development. Recent research has illuminated the significant role of the gut microbiota in CRC pathogenesis, identifying various microbial antigens as potential targets for vaccine development.
Aim:
This review aimed at exploring the potential sources of microbial antigens that could be harnessed to create effective CRC vaccines and understand the role of microbiome-CRC interactions in carcinogenesis.
Methods:
A comprehensive search of original research and review articles on the pathological links between key microbial candidates, particularly those more prevalent in CRC tissues, was conducted. This involved extensive use of the PubMed and Medline databases, as well as the Google Scholar search engine, utilizing pertinent keywords. A total of one hundred and forty-three relevant articles in English, mostly published between 2018 and 2024, were selected.
Results:
Numerous microbes, particularly bacteria and viruses, are significantly overrepresented in CRC tissues and have been shown to promote tumorigenesis by inducing inflammation and modulating the immune system. This makes them promising candidates for antigens in the development of CRC vaccines.
Conclusion:
The selection of microbial antigens focuses on their capacity to trigger a strong immune response and their link to tumor presence and progression. Identifying and validating these antigens through preclinical testing is essential in developing a CRC vaccine.
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