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Harnessing genetically engineered cell membrane-derived vesicles as biotherapeutics.

Xiaohong Li^1,2, Yuting Wei^1,2, Zhirang Zhang^1,2

¹Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China.

Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids

|December 19, 2024

Summary

Genetically engineered cell membrane-derived vesicles (CMVs) offer enhanced therapeutic potential. These engineered CMVs can be precisely targeted for drug delivery and disease treatment.

Keywords:

EVs biomedicine drug delivery genetically engineering

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Nanomedicine
Cell Biology

Background:

Cell membrane-derived vesicles (CMVs), including extracellular vesicles (EVs) and artificial extracellular vesicles (aEVs), are promising for various biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and low toxicity.
Current CMVs often lack specific therapeutic functions like targeted delivery or precise signal regulation, limiting their clinical utility.
Engineering CMVs is crucial for developing advanced therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review preparation and purification strategies for CMVs.
To explore advances in genetically engineered CMVs for enhanced therapeutic functions.
To summarize emerging applications of engineered CMVs in treating diseases.

Main Methods:

Genetic engineering of CMVs to incorporate specific therapeutic functionalities.
Chemical modification and hybridization techniques to tailor CMV properties.
Purification strategies for isolating and characterizing CMVs.

Main Results:

Genetically engineered CMVs demonstrate improved organ targeting and signal transduction regulation.
Engineered CMVs effectively deliver biomacromolecules and chemical drugs.
Demonstrated therapeutic potential in preclinical models for tumors, diabetes, lupus, and cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusions:

Engineering CMVs significantly expands their therapeutic capabilities and applications.
Genetically modified CMVs represent a promising platform for next-generation nanomedicine.
Further research into engineered CMVs holds potential for novel disease treatments.