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Herpes

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Batch Immunostaining for Large-Scale Protein Detection in the Whole Monkey Brain

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Published on: July 27, 2009

Detecting Monkeypox Virus by Immunohistochemistry.

Spencer Ng¹, Carla Stephan², Mytrang Do³

¹Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology

|December 19, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new monoclonal antibody test accurately detects Monkeypox virus (MPXV) in skin lesions. This immunohistochemical (IHC) stain aids in confirming mpox diagnoses when other methods are inconclusive.

Keywords:

immunohistochemistry infectious disease monkeypox monoclonal antibody poxvirus viral infection

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Area of Science:

Virology
Dermatology
Immunohistochemistry

Background:

Mpox (Monkeypox virus - MPXV) outbreaks present with characteristic skin lesions.
Histopathology of mpox lesions shows epidermal necrosis, dermal edema, and viral cytopathic changes.
Traditional diagnostic methods for mpox can be nonspecific.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the utility of a monoclonal antibody for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in confirming mpox infection.
To assess the specificity of the antibody against other viral infections.

Main Methods:

Three PCR-confirmed mpox patient biopsies were stained using a monoclonal MPXV-specific antibody (targeting A29).
Control samples included cell lines with other MPXV antigens and skin biopsies from Molluscum contagiosum, Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster, and Cytomegalovirus infections.

Main Results:

The MPXV-specific antibody reliably detected viral infection in all three mpox patient biopsies.
A diffuse cytoplasmic and focally nuclear staining pattern was observed in mpox lesions.
No staining occurred in control cell lines or biopsies of other viral infections, indicating high specificity.

Conclusions:

A monoclonal MPXV-specific antibody is a valuable adjunct tool for confirming mpox infection.
IHC staining with this antibody offers a specific method for diagnosing mpox in cutaneous lesions.