Nephropulmonary fistula with coralliform stone migration into the thorax: a case report

A nephropulmonary fistula is a rare complication of a non-functioning kidney, associated with a history of infection. Medical literature describes it as an adult disease in the pre-antibiotic era, and nowadays, is a rare complication. This study reports the case of a patient with nephrolithiasis who developed a nephropulmonary fistula resulting in the migration of renal coralliform stones to the lung parenchyma. The treatment included posterior mini-thoracotomy with partial costectomy of the 9th right costal arch, pneumonotomy for the lung abscess, stone removal, abscess drainage with a Foley probe, and pleural drainage with a tubular drain.