Biological Properties of Bioceramic Sealers on Osteoblastic Cells: A Comparative Study

This study aimed to assess the biological properties of two ready-to-use bioceramic sealers (EndoSequence BC Sealer - EBCS; Bio-C Sealer - BCS) on osteoblastic lineage cells. MC3T3 osteoblast-like cells were exposed to extracts of bioceramic materials. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT method, genotoxicity was assessed by the micronucleus test and the expression of BMP1, BMP2 and ALP was measured by RT-qPCR, after 1, 3 and 7 days. Wound healing was monitored at 1, 2 and 3-day intervals using the scratch test. Statistical analysis involved a two-factor ANOVA, followed by the Tukey Test for multiple comparisons (α=0.05). Cytotoxicity assessment revealed no significant differences between the materials and the control group at any of the time points, indicating that neither material exhibited cytotoxic effects. However, both cements induced greater micronuclei formation compared to the control on days 1 and 7 (p<0.05) when evaluating genotoxicity. No significant differences between the groups were observed in wound healing at any of the time intervals. Both biomaterials upregulated the expression of BMP1, BMP2 and ALP. The two bioceramic sealers exhibited comparable biological properties, including cytocompatibility, promotion of wound healing, and upregulation of bone formation-related genes in osteoblast-like cells. While these results suggest the potential for safe clinical application, the observed genotoxicity warrants caution. Therefore, while the null hypothesis-that the two bioceramic sealers exhibit analogous properties-was accepted in terms of cytocompatibility and gene expression, further investigation is essential to fully ensure their safety and efficacy in bone-related procedures.