Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 4, 2025
07:05
Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea
Published on: November 9, 2016
22.8K
Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Thyroid Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Amanda M Zong1, Vasiliki P Giannakakos1, Caroline Delbourgo Patton2
1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|December 19, 2024
Summary
Botulinum toxin effectively treats thyroid eye disease symptoms like lid retraction and strabismus. This review shows good success rates for retraction and some relief for strabismus, though surgery may still be needed.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Neurology
Background:
- Thyroid eye disease (TED) presents challenges in managing lid retraction and strabismus.
- Botulinum toxin offers a potential non-surgical or adjunctive treatment option.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the techniques, outcomes, and effectiveness of botulinum toxin in treating TED-related lid retraction and strabismus.
- To synthesize current evidence through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of studies on botulinum toxin for TED published up to May 2024.
- Meta-analysis of outcomes including marginal reflex distance change, diplopia resolution, need for further surgery, and side effects.
Main Results:
- Botulinum toxin (Botox/Dysport) showed an 84% success rate for lid retraction, decreasing marginal reflex distance by 2.42 mm for 1-6 months.
- 24% of strabismus patients experienced temporary diplopia resolution (2-6 months), with 58% requiring subsequent surgery.
- Reported side effects included ptosis and diplopia, primarily in retraction studies.
Conclusions:
- Botulinum toxin is an effective treatment for TED-related lid retraction and strabismus.
- Further randomized controlled trials are recommended to optimize treatment protocols.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment
1.2K
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
1.2K
01:27Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
391
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
391
01:28Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment
435
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
435
01:11Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses
683
Direct-acting cholinergic agonists have many therapeutic uses in various medical fields. Choline esters, including acetylcholine, have limited clinical utility due to their non-selectivity and short duration of action. Still, acetylcholine and carbachol are applied topically during ophthalmologic surgery to induce miosis. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic and ganglionic stimulator, effectively treats open-angle glaucoma and alleviates xerostomia and dry mouth caused by radiotherapy or Sjögren...
683
01:26Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin
653
Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
653
01:17Accessory Structures of the Eye
1.5K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
1.5K