Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

26.0K
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
26.0K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

14.1K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
14.1K
Voltaic/Galvanic Cells02:47

Voltaic/Galvanic Cells

56.8K
Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
56.8K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.2K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
41.2K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

26.1K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
26.1K
Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

43.4K
On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
43.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

FreeMMIF: interactive multimodal medical image fusion via instruction-aware diffusion.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same author

Sirtuin 1 deficiency mediates chronic kidney disease-induced inflammaging cardiovascular calcification.

Molecular biomedicine·2026
Same author

Mechanism of palytoxin-induced ferroptosis in HaCaT cells via targeting TrxR1.

Cell biology and toxicology·2026
Same author

Mechanisms ofra Tetmethylpyrazine in spinal cord injury: a narrative review.

Molecular biology reports·2026
Same author

Self-assembled anchoring shell on NiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> nanocrystals enables efficient and stable wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Benchmarking Foundation Potentials against Quantum Chemistry Methods for Predicting Molecular Redox Potentials.

Precision chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries
11:25

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

Published on: November 10, 2014

15.7K

Oxygen Dimerization-Driven Cation Migration Induces Voltage Hysteresis in Disordered Rocksalt Cathodes.

Byunghoon Kim1,2, Peichen Zhong1, Yunyeong Choi3

  • 1Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Voltage hysteresis in Li-rich cathodes is not directly caused by oxygen dimerization but indirectly by transition metal migration, which is instigated by dimer formation. This finding offers new insights into improving battery performance.

More Related Videos

Protocol of Electrochemical Test and Characterization of Aprotic Li-O2 Battery
08:18

Protocol of Electrochemical Test and Characterization of Aprotic Li-O2 Battery

Published on: July 12, 2016

11.4K
Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

25.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2025

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries
11:25

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

Published on: November 10, 2014

15.7K
Protocol of Electrochemical Test and Characterization of Aprotic Li-O2 Battery
08:18

Protocol of Electrochemical Test and Characterization of Aprotic Li-O2 Battery

Published on: July 12, 2016

11.4K
Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

25.4K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Li-rich cathodes offer higher energy density by utilizing oxygen redox.
  • Practical application is hindered by structural changes and voltage hysteresis.
  • The roles of transition metal (TM) migration and oxygen dimerization in hysteresis are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanistic origins of voltage hysteresis in Li-rich disordered rocksalt cathodes.
  • To differentiate the contributions of oxygen dimerization and TM migration to hysteresis.
  • To provide insights for mitigating voltage hysteresis in advanced battery materials.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated a representative Li-rich disordered rocksalt cathode (Li1.2Mn0.4Ti0.4O2).
  • Analyzed electrochemical processes to understand structural transformations.
  • Utilized mechanistic insights to differentiate the roles of oxygen dimerization and TM migration.

Main Results:

  • Oxygen dimer formation and cleavage are rapid, suggesting they are not the direct cause of hysteresis.
  • Oxygen dimers indirectly exacerbate hysteresis by instigating TM migration.
  • TM migration, a slower process, contributes significantly to hysteresis via energy dissipation and cation rearrangement.

Conclusions:

  • Voltage hysteresis in Li-rich cathodes is primarily driven by transition metal migration, not oxygen dimerization.
  • Understanding this mechanism allows for targeted strategies to reduce hysteresis.
  • This research paves the way for more practical and stable high-energy Li-rich cathode materials.