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Multi-Scale Modification of Metallic Implants With Pore Gradients, Polyelectrolytes and Their Indirect Monitoring In vivo

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Developing porous hip implants implementing topology optimization based on the bone remodelling model and fatigue

Babak Ziaie¹, Xavier Velay², Waqas Saleem³

¹Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Atlantic Technological University, Ash Lane, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland; Centre for Precision Engineering Material and Manufacturing Research (PEM Research Centre), Atlantic Technological University, Ash Lane, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland; Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University, Ash Lane, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

|December 19, 2024

Summary

Porous hip implants can mitigate stress shielding and bone resorption caused by solid implants. Gradient porous designs offer mechanical strength and biological benefits, making them promising for total hip arthroplasty.

Keywords:

Additive manufacturing Bone remodelling FEM Fatigue failure Porous implant TPMS Topology optimization

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Published on: July 1, 2013

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Imaging of the Microstructural Failure Mechanism in the Human Hip

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Published on: September 29, 2023

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Engineering
Orthopaedic Surgery
Computational Mechanics

Background:

Solid total hip arthroplasty (THA) implants can cause stress shielding and cortical hypertrophy due to mechanical mismatch with bone.
Porous implants offer tuneable mechanical properties, potentially reducing complications associated with solid implants.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate porous hip implants using topology optimization to address stress shielding.
To compare the mechanical performance of solid, uniform porous, and gradient porous implants under physiological loading.

Main Methods:

Finite element analysis (FEA) to simulate stress distribution in bone with different implant designs.
Design of porous implants using triply periodic minimal surface structures (e.g., gyroid, diamond) with uniform and gradient relative density.
Topology optimization considering additive manufacturing and biological constraints.

Main Results:

Solid implants significantly reduce cortical bone stress, leading to stress shielding.
Uniform and gradient porous implants increased strain energy density ratios compared to solid implants (43% and 25% increase for uniform gyroid and gradient diamond, respectively).
Only gradient porous implant designs met mechanical strength requirements (safety factor > 1).

Conclusions:

Gradient porous implants effectively mitigate stress shielding and maintain bone health.
Topology-optimized gradient porous implants are suitable replacements for solid THA implants.
Advancements in additive manufacturing enable the precise fabrication of these promising porous implants.