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Pilot-scale biogas desulfurization through anoxic biofiltration.

Cristian Alfredo Severi1, Celia Pascual1, Victor Perez1

  • 1Institute of Sustainable Processes, Paseo Prado de la Magdalena 3-5, Valladolid 47011, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|December 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study shows anoxic biotrickling filters effectively remove hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from biogas. The pilot-scale system achieved high removal efficiencies, even with fluctuating H₂S loads, demonstrating its industrial viability.

Keywords:
Anoxic biotrickling filterBiogasBiogas upgrading pilot plantBiological desulfurizationHydrogen sulfide removal

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Biotechnology
  • Wastewater Treatment

Background:

  • Biogas, a byproduct of anaerobic digestion, often contains high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S).
  • H₂S removal is crucial for biogas utilization due to its corrosivity and toxicity.
  • Anoxic biotrickling filters (BTFs) offer a promising biological treatment method for H₂S, but their performance with real biogas under variable conditions requires evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of a pilot-scale anoxic biotrickling filter (BTF) for hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) removal from raw biogas.
  • To assess the BTF's efficacy under varying H₂S inlet loads and biogas flow rates typical of industrial operations.
  • To investigate the role of sulfur-oxidizing nitrate-reducing (SO-NR) bacteria in the H₂S removal process.

Main Methods:

  • Operation of a pilot-scale BTF using activated sludge for 226 days with real biogas from municipal solid waste digestion.
  • Control of nitrate consumption by SO-NR bacteria to manage H₂S removal.
  • Monitoring of H₂S inlet loads, biogas flow rates, H₂S concentration, pH, and removal efficiency (H₂S-RE).
  • Analysis of sulfate selectivity and elemental sulfur accumulation.

Main Results:

  • The BTF consistently achieved H₂S removal efficiencies exceeding 93.9% for most of the operational period.
  • A maximum elimination capacity of 35.17 g S-H₂S m⁻³ h⁻¹ was recorded at an inlet load of 37.20 g S-H₂S m⁻³ h⁻¹ with >95% H₂S-RE.
  • Sulfate selectivity remained above 85% during normal operation, and elemental sulfur accumulation was managed during low H₂S loads, preventing shutdowns.

Conclusions:

  • Anoxic BTFs are effective for H₂S removal from real biogas, even under variable industrial conditions.
  • The SO-NR bacterial strategy is viable for controlling H₂S removal and managing sulfur byproducts.
  • Pilot-scale data supports the feasibility of using anoxic BTFs for biogas upgrading in real-world applications.