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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating
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Numerical Simulation of Light to Heat Conversion by Plasmonic Nanoheaters.

María C Nevárez Martínez1,2, Dominik Kreft3, Maciej Grzegorczyk4

  • 1Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.

Nano Letters
|December 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Estimating photothermal conversion efficiency (η) for plasmonic nanoparticles is crucial for applications. This study compares experimental methods and ANSYS simulations, finding simulations align with Wang

Keywords:
Roper methodWang methodgold nanorodshanging dropletphotothermal conversion efficiencysimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Optics

Background:

  • Plasmonic nanoparticles function as photothermal agents, converting light into heat.
  • Accurate measurement of photothermal conversion efficiency (η) is vital for practical applications.
  • Existing methods for η estimation vary significantly with experimental setup and calculation approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively evaluate and compare common experimental methods (Roper's, Wang's) for determining plasmonic nanoparticle photothermal conversion efficiency (η).
  • To compare experimental η values with numerical simulations using ANSYS software.
  • To assess the robustness of ANSYS simulations for estimating η, especially under experimental constraints.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments involved colloidal gold nanorod solutions in hanging droplets irradiated by an 808 nm diode laser.
  • Photothermal conversion efficiency (η) was measured using thermal imaging.
  • Numerical simulations were performed using ANSYS software, incorporating heating and evaporation effects.

Main Results:

  • ANSYS simulations yielded η values consistent with the Wang experimental method.
  • The Roper experimental method produced lower η values compared to ANSYS simulations and the Wang method.
  • Numerical simulations using ANSYS provided results comparable to experimental data, particularly the Wang method.

Conclusions:

  • ANSYS simulations offer a robust and reliable method for estimating photothermal conversion efficiency (η) of plasmonic nanoparticles.
  • Numerical simulations can overcome limitations posed by experimental constraints in traditional η measurement techniques.
  • This study provides a comparative analysis aiding in the selection of appropriate methods for evaluating photothermal conversion efficiency.