Stem Cell-Laden Engineered Patch: Advances and Applications in Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell-based therapies are emerging as significant approaches in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, applicable to both fundamental scientific research and clinical practice. Despite remarkable results in clinical studies, challenges such as poor standardization of graft tissues, limited sources, and reduced functionality have hindered the effectiveness of these therapies. In this review, we summarize the engineering approaches involved in fabricating stem cell assisted patches and the substantial strategies for designing stem cell-laden engineered patches (SCP) to complement the existing stem cell-based therapies. We then outline the potential applications of SCP in advancing tissue regeneration and regenerative medicine. By combining living stem cells with engineered patches, SCP can enhance the functions of both components, particularly for tissue engineering applications. Finally, we addressed current challenges, such as ethical considerations, high costs, and regulatory hurdles and proposed future research directions to overcome these barriers.