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Brown adipose tissue in cafeteria-fed hamsters.

R J Schimmel, L McCarthy

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |February 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    A cafeteria diet increases brown adipose tissue (BAT) in hamsters, primarily through adipocyte proliferation. Prolonged high-fat feeding enhances BAT thermogenic capacity, impacting weight gain efficiency.

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    Area of Science:

    • Metabolic Physiology
    • Adipose Tissue Biology
    • Nutritional Science

    Background:

    • Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a crucial role in thermogenesis and energy expenditure.
    • Dietary intake significantly influences adipose tissue development and function.
    • Understanding how diet composition affects BAT is vital for metabolic health research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of a cafeteria diet on brown adipose tissue growth and thermogenic capacity in hamsters.
    • To determine the cellular mechanisms underlying diet-induced changes in BAT.
    • To assess the relationship between BAT adaptations and body weight gain efficiency.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparison of hamsters fed a cafeteria diet versus a standard chow diet.
    • Measurement of brown adipose tissue mass, protein content, and cytochrome oxidase activity.
    • Assessment of mitochondrial GDP binding to evaluate thermogenic capacity.
    • Histological analysis of adipocyte morphology and size.

    Main Results:

    • Cafeteria-fed hamsters exhibited increased brown adipose tissue mass, characterized by more unilocular cells and larger adipocyte diameters.
    • Tissue protein and cytochrome oxidase levels were elevated in cafeteria-fed hamsters, suggesting adipocyte proliferation.
    • Mitochondrial GDP binding, an indicator of thermogenic capacity, increased only after prolonged cafeteria feeding (8 weeks).
    • Despite increased caloric intake, cafeteria-fed hamsters showed similar or greater body weight gain efficiency compared to chow-fed controls.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary intake, particularly a cafeteria diet, significantly regulates brown adipose tissue growth in hamsters, primarily via adipocyte proliferation with some hypertrophy.
    • Thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue is also subject to dietary regulation, but this effect becomes apparent only after extended periods of high-fat consumption.
    • The absence of stimulated thermogenesis may explain the similar weight gain efficiencies observed between chow- and cafeteria-fed hamsters, despite differing caloric intakes.

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