Uptake of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Medicare Beneficiaries-United States, 2014-2021

Previous studies have estimated preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among persons with commercial health insurance and Medicaid. However, data are lacking regarding PrEP use among those with Medicare.

Using a previously developed algorithm, we estimated the number of Medicare beneficiaries (MBs) with fee-for-service claims who were prescribed PrEP from 2014 to 2021. The analysis was stratified by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. We also examined trends in PrEP prevalence by U.S. state and demographic characteristics during 2014-2021.

The number of Medicare PrEP users increased 11-fold, from 388 in 2014 to 4685 in 2021. MBs prescribed PrEP were predominantly younger men, White persons, residing in the south or west regions, living with a disability, and dually eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid. The prevalence of PrEP prescriptions among MBs increased 12-fold, from 9.7 per million in 2014 to 120.0 per million in 2021. Black/African American persons had the highest prevalence of PrEP use, followed by Hispanic/Latino and White persons in 2021. The District of Columbia had the highest prevalence of PrEP use compared with other U.S. states in 2021. Significant increasing trends in PrEP use were observed across sex, age groups, and race/ethnicity.

Disparities in PrEP uptake existed across MB demographic subgroups from 2014 to 2021. Public health interventions are needed to increase PrEP access and utilization, particularly among women, younger MBs, Black persons, and Hispanic persons, including those with Medicare. Strategies and policies to expand PrEP use are essential for optimal HIV prevention in the United States.