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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Analysis and Quantification of Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T Cells
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Plasma protein dynamics during ipilimumab treatment in metastatic melanoma: associations with tumor response, adverse

Ragnhild Reehorst Lereim1, Claire Dunn1, Elin Aamdal2,3

  • 1Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Oncoimmunology
|December 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows that plasma cytokine levels after the first ipilimumab dose can predict treatment response and survival in metastatic melanoma patients. Specific cytokine profiles may indicate potential adverse events and overall survival outcomes.

Keywords:
Biomarkeripilimumabmalignant melanomaplasma cytokines

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Ipilimumab offers long-term survival for some metastatic melanoma patients, but efficacy is limited, and serious side effects occur.
  • Predicting response, toxicity, and survival remains a challenge in ipilimumab therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate plasma cytokine dynamics after ipilimumab initiation.
  • To identify cytokine biomarkers for predicting treatment response, adverse events, and overall survival (OS) in metastatic melanoma.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed plasma samples from 148 metastatic melanoma patients before and during ipilimumab treatment.
  • Measured concentrations of 48 plasma proteins using multiplex immunoassay.

Main Results:

  • Elevated baseline G-CSF, IL-2RA, MIP-1a, and SCF levels were associated with non-response.
  • High IL-2RA, IFNγ, PDGF-bb, and MIG correlated with inferior OS, while MIF and RANTES predicted improved OS.
  • A multivariate model including CRP, LDH, ECOG, IL-2RA, and PDGF-bb identified a poor OS subgroup.
  • Higher baseline cytokine levels were linked to severe immune-related adverse events.

Conclusions:

  • Ipilimumab treatment induces systemic cytokine changes, indicating immune activation.
  • Plasma cytokines show potential as predictive biomarkers for ipilimumab efficacy, toxicity, and survival in metastatic melanoma.
  • Further validation in independent cohorts is necessary.