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Cell- and tissue-specific glycosylation pathways informed by single-cell transcriptomics.

Panagiotis Chrysinas1, Shriramprasad Venkatesan1, Isaac Ang2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that human cells express approximately half of their potential glycogenes. Glycosylation patterns vary by cell and tissue type, with distinct transcription factors regulating different glycosylation steps.

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Area of Science:

  • Glycosciences
  • Single-cell biology
  • Human genomics

Background:

  • Single-cell studies have advanced many biological fields but are underdeveloped in Glycosciences.
  • Understanding cellular glycosylation is crucial for various biological processes and disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze single-cell glycogene expression across diverse human tissues and cell types.
  • To identify hierarchies in glycogene and glycopathway expression.
  • To explore the role of transcription factors in regulating glycosylation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Tabula Sapiens dataset for single-cell gene expression analysis.
  • Applied a glycosylation-specific gene ontology (GlycoEnzOnto) for analysis.
  • Investigated glycogene expression levels at varying sequencing depths.
  • Analyzed transcription factor (TF) binding sites associated with glycogenes.

Main Results:

  • Individual cells detect approximately 40-50 out of 400 glycogenes at median sequencing depth, saturating at ~200.
  • Nucleotide-sugar synthesis and transport genes show the highest expression, followed by core enzymes, modification, and terminal glycan genes.
  • Identified cell- and tissue-specific glycosylation patterns and distinct TF groupings regulating glycosylation.
  • Developed webtools for exploring glycogene, glycopathway, and TF interconnections.

Conclusions:

  • Human cells express a significant portion of their glycogene repertoire, with expression levels varying by cell type and origin.
  • Glycosylation is a complex process regulated by distinct transcription factors and exhibits tissue-specific nuances.
  • The study provides a comprehensive overview of human glycosylation across multiple organ systems.