Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Age-Related Diseases

The global increase in the aging population has led to a concurrent rise in the incidence of age-related diseases, posing substantial challenges to healthcare systems and affecting the well-being of the elderly. Identifying and securing effective treatments has become an urgent priority. In this context, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have emerged as a promising and innovative modality in the field of anti-aging medicine, offering a multifaceted therapeutic approach. MSC-Exos demonstrate significant potential due to their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, their ability to inhibit oxidative stress, and their reparative effects on senescent tissues. These attributes make them valuable in combating a range of conditions associated with aging, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, skin aging, and osteoarthritis. The integration of exosomes with membrane-penetrating peptides introduces a novel strategy for the delivery of biomolecules, surmounting traditional cellular barriers and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the current understanding of MSC-Exos, underscoring their role as a novel and potent therapeutic strategy against the intricate challenges of age-related diseases.