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Heart abnormality associates with a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders: Evidence from Mendelian randomization

Xue-Shi Chen1, Zi-Yan Song1, Xuan-Long Chen1

  • 1Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

World Journal of Psychiatry
|December 20, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Heart abnormalities may influence psychiatric conditions. This study found heart failure protects against attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bradycardia also protects against ADHD, while hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a risk factor for schizophrenia.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Psychiatric disorders are linked to cardiovascular issues, but the reverse relationship is less understood.
  • Chronic heart failure impacts anxiety and depression severity.
  • Key cardiac indices like ejection fraction and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide are risk factors for anxiety and depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of heart abnormalities on various psychiatric disorders.
  • To explore the relationship between heart failure and autism spectrum disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • To examine the association between bradycardia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and psychiatric conditions like ADHD and schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Mendelian randomization analysis was employed to assess causal relationships.
  • Statistical analysis was used to determine odds ratios (OR) and P-values for specific conditions.

Main Results:

  • Heart failure significantly protects against attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (OR = 0.61, P = 0.0071).
  • Bradycardia is also a protective factor for ADHD (OR = 0.61, P = 0.0095).
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a mild risk factor for schizophrenia (OR = 1.02, P = 0.032).
  • Heart failure may impact autism spectrum disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, though not significantly (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Heart abnormalities are associated with a spectrum of psychiatric disorders.
  • Increased psychiatric care is recommended for individuals with heart abnormalities.
  • The findings highlight the bidirectional relationship between cardiac and mental health.

Keywords:
Heart abnormalityHeart failureMendelian randomization analysesPsychiatric disordersSchizophrenia

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