How Does Transitioning to Primary Human Papillomavirus Screening Impact Colposcopy Services? Lessons From an...

In 2017, Australian's National Cervical Screening Program changed from 2-yearly cytology to 5-yearly primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. The Stakeholder Opinions of Renewal Implementation and Experiences Study (STORIES) aimed to capture stakeholder perspectives during implementation of the renewed National Cervical Screening Program.

Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with key National Cervical Screening Program stakeholders 11-20 months following the change, either face-to-face, online, or via phone. Data related to colposcopy services were thematically analyzed using Proctor's conceptual framework for implementation outcomes.

The authors identified 4 overarching themes: non-adherence to guidelines, lack of preparedness, unintended consequences, and mitigation strategies. While an initial increase in colposcopy referral was expected following transition, many stakeholders found increased referrals to be inequitably spread across services and exacerbated by confusion about, or overuse of testing for, symptoms.

The study provides the first assessment of stakeholder perceptions and experiences relating to colposcopy services during a transition from cytology to HPV screening. Significant preparation is required to ensure equitable and timely access to colposcopy when transitioning cervical screening programs, including wide stakeholder communication to build confidence; clear guidelines, especially around symptoms; and adequate resourcing for colposcopy services to meet projected referral rates.