Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 4, 2025

A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
Published on: September 25, 2014
Post-COVID-19 Condition Risk Factors and Symptom Clusters and Associations With Return to Pre-COVID-19 Health-Results
Stacey L Konkle1,2,3, Reed Magleby1,2,4, Robert A Bonacci1,2
1CDC COVID-19 Response, Post-COVID Conditions Team, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Background:
Little is known about how symptoms or symptom clusters of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) conditions (PCCs) impact an individual's return to pre-COVID-19 health.
Methods:
We used 4 state-level COVID-19 case reporting systems and patient-reported survey data to identify patients with PCCs and associations with an individual's return to pre-COVID-19 health after laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Participants had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test between March 2020 and December 2020. Weighted regression models were used to estimate prevalence of PCCs, identify risk factors associated with developing PCCs, and examine associations between PCC symptom clusters and return to pre-COVID-19 health. Factor analysis was used to identify post-COVID-19 symptom clusters.
Results:
Prevalence of PCCs in this population-based sample was 29.9% for persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pre-Delta variant period (March 2020-December 2020); 77.2% of persons who experienced PCCs had not returned to pre-COVID-19 health within 8-60 weeks after infection. Female sex, acute COVID-19 illness severity, and number of preexisting comorbidities were significant risk factors associated with PCCs. Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like symptoms, upper respiratory symptoms, and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly associated with not returning to pre-COVID-19 health.
Conclusions:
Understanding PCC symptom clustering may provide insight into pathophysiology, severity of PCCs, and management for patients who have not returned to their usual state of health after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Tracking PCCs can help measure impacts of COVID-19 vaccination and acute COVID-19-specific treatments on reducing PCCs in the United States.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Factors Affecting Illness
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
Classification of Illness
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
Stress and Mental Health
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:

