Dispersive solid phase extraction of apixaban from human plasma samples prior to capillary electrophoresis...

Here, a zirconium-based metal organic framework-dispersive solid phase extraction method was established as an efficient, robust, and accurate approach for quantifying apixabanin human plasma samples prior to capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection. Various types of metal organic frameworks based on UiO-66-NH₂ were synthesized by altering modulators and solvents and applied as sorbents in the extraction procedure. Among the tested sorbents, UiO-66-NH₂ prepared in dimethylformamide in the presence of acetic acid was found to be the best sorbent in this method for the extraction of apixaban with high extraction efficiency comparable to other types of UiO-66-NH₂ metal organic frameworks. The extraction and preconcentration of apixaban were carried out by adding 5 mg of synthesized sorbent to a 5 mL sample solution, followed by vortexing for 3 min. After discarding the supernatant, the adsorbed analyte was eluted from the sorbent surface using 60 µL acetonitrile under vortexing for 2 min. The effective parameters of the offered method were optimized and validated using a one-parameter-at-a- time strategy. The detection and quantification limits of the method were 9.9 and 32 ng mL^-1 in plasma and 1.5 and 4.9 ng mL^-1 in deionized water, respectively. The method was linear ranging from 4.9 to 1000 ng mL^-1 in deionized water and from 32 to 500 ng mL^-1 in plasma, respectively. The enrichment factor and extraction recovery values were 44 % and 53 %, respectively. The relative standard deviations were ≤6.2 % for intra- and inter-day precisions. Finally, the proposed method was successfully employed to quantify apixaban in human plasma samples.