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Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

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Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
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The Worries About Recurrence or Progression Scale in Cancer (WARPS-C): A Valid and Reliable Measure to Screen for

Maddison Smith1, Louise Sharpe1, Natalie Winiarski1

  • 1The School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

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The Worries About Recurrence or Progression Scale (WARPS) effectively measures fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) in cancer survivors. This validated tool demonstrates strong psychometric properties and can identify clinical levels of FCR.

Keywords:
cancerfear of cancer recurrencefear of progressionmeasurepsychometric validationpsycho‐oncologysurvivorship

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Area of Science:

  • Psychometric validation
  • Cancer survivorship research
  • Health psychology

Background:

  • Existing measures of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) have limitations and do not fully meet COSMIN criteria.
  • The Worries About Recurrence or Progression Scale (WARPS) was previously validated for chronic illnesses other than cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the psychometric properties of the WARPS in a cancer patient sample.
  • To assess the WARPS's applicability for measuring FCR in individuals with a history of cancer.
  • To determine if the WARPS overcomes limitations of current FCR assessment tools.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 346 participants living with or beyond cancer for an online survey.
  • Conducted confirmatory factor analysis to examine psychometric properties.
  • Assessed convergent validity against gold-standard questionnaires and related constructs.
  • Evaluated test-retest reliability via a 2-week follow-up survey.
  • Utilized Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis to establish clinical cut-offs.

Main Results:

  • Confirmatory factor analysis supported a single underlying factor (fear of recurrence or progression - FRP) for the WARPS with adequate model fit.
  • The WARPS demonstrated excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
  • Convergent validity was confirmed, and ROC analysis identified cut-offs of 54 for moderate and 65 for severe FCR.

Conclusions:

  • The WARPS exhibits robust psychometric properties within a cancer population.
  • The WARPS is suitable for use as a screening tool to detect clinically significant levels of FCR.
  • The WARPS aligns with COSMIN criteria and addresses shortcomings of existing FCR measurement instruments.