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Demographic and Pathogen Profiles of Superficial Fungal Infections-A Single-Centre Observational Study in Poland
Andrzej Kazimierz Jaworek1, Przemysław Hałubiec1,2, Damian Sroka3
1Department of Dermatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
Background:
Superficial fungal infections (SFI) are contagious conditions affecting the skin and its appendages, caused by various fungal species. Monitoring the distribution of common pathogens and identifying at-risk patient groups are essential for effective management and prevention.
Objectives:
This study investigates the characteristics of SFI in Poland's Malopolska region from 2017 to 2019, focusing on etiological agents, infection sites and risk factors.
Patients/Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 4522 mycological cultures from 3594 patients, incorporating demographic data (age, sex), sample sites and mycological test results.
Results:
Among the 1175 positive mycological tests recorded from 959 patients, Trichophyton rubrum-primarily affecting toenails and feet-and Candida albicans-mainly targeting fingernails-were the most common pathogens across all age groups. Children exhibited a higher incidence of infections caused by Microsporum canis, Malassezia furfur and T. mentagrophytes. In contrast, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was more frequently identified in individuals over 60 years old.
Conclusions:
The observed trends in SFI characteristics at our centre during the pre-pandemic period align with global epidemiological data. However, further studies are warranted to address existing gaps in understanding the epidemiology of SFI and to refine preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Insights
Superficial fungal infections (SFIs) are common. Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans were the most frequent pathogens in Poland. Different fungi affected various age groups, highlighting the need for targeted prevention.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Epidemiology
- Dermatology
Background:
- Superficial fungal infections (SFIs) are contagious skin conditions caused by diverse fungi.
- Effective SFI management requires monitoring pathogen distribution and identifying at-risk populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the characteristics of SFIs in Poland's Malopolska region between 2017 and 2019.
- To identify etiological agents, common infection sites, and risk factors associated with SFIs.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 4522 mycological cultures from 3594 patients.
- Inclusion of demographic data (age, sex), sample site information, and mycological test results.
Main Results:
- 1175 positive cultures identified from 959 patients.
- Most common pathogens: Trichophyton rubrum (toenails, feet) and Candida albicans (fingernails).
- Children showed higher rates of Microsporum canis, Malassezia furfur, and T. mentagrophytes; Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was more prevalent in individuals over 60.
Conclusions:
- Observed SFI trends align with global epidemiological data.
- Further research is needed to fill knowledge gaps in SFI epidemiology.
- Refinement of preventive and therapeutic strategies for SFIs is recommended.
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