Hymenoptera venom allergy in children

Area of Science:

• Allergy and Immunology
• Toxicology
• Entomology

Background:

• Hymenoptera insects (bees, wasps) can cause hypersensitivity reactions.
• Reactions range from local to severe systemic anaphylaxis.
• Children generally experience less severe reactions than adults.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review Hymenoptera venom hypersensitivity, diagnosis, and management.
• To highlight diagnostic approaches and treatment options.
• To emphasize prevention strategies for anaphylaxis.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical history, skin tests, and in vitro tests (serum specific IgE, CAP-inhibition, Basophil Activation Test).
• Basal serum tryptase measurement to rule out mastocytosis.
• Evaluation of venom immunotherapy (VIT) protocols.

Main Results:

• Accurate diagnosis relies on clinical history and appropriate testing.
• Adrenaline is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis; antihistamines and corticosteroids are subsequent treatments.
• Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is safe and effective for preventing systemic reactions.

Conclusions:

• Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for Hymenoptera venom allergy.
• Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the gold standard for patients with systemic reactions.
• Prevention through environmental awareness and early therapy is vital.