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Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

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Synthesis and Characterization of Gold-Nanoparticle-Loaded Block Copolymer Vectors for Biomedical Applications: A

Talita de Francesco¹, Devon Richtsmeier², Seoyoon Lee¹

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|December 21, 2024

Summary

This study optimized gold nanoparticle-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (GNP-PNPs) for biomedical uses. Shorter PEG block lengths improved gold concentration and stability, enhancing potential for CT imaging and radiotherapy.

Keywords:

cancer therapy computed tomography drug delivery gold nanoparticles medical imaging nanoparticle cellular uptake polymeric vectors radiosensitization

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Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Published on: July 2, 2019

Area of Science:

Nanomaterials Science
Biomedical Engineering
Polymer Chemistry

Background:

Amphiphilic block copolymers encapsulating gold nanoparticles (GNPs) show promise for biomedical applications.
Limited data exists on how preparation variables affect GNP-loaded polymeric nanoparticle (GNP-PNP) structure and properties.
Optimizing GNP-PNPs is crucial for applications like K-edge CT imaging and radiotherapy sensitization.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of manufacturing variables on GNP-PNP characteristics.
To explore methods for enhancing colloidal gold concentration and stability in GNP-PNPs.
To establish a framework for optimizing GNP-PNPs for biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

Synthesized thiol-terminated polycaprolactone-functionalized GNPs (PCL-GNPs).
Encapsulated PCL-GNPs into poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL-b-PEG) micelles via nanoprecipitation to form GNP-PNPs.
Varied water volume, PCL-b-PEG to PCL-GNP ratio, and PEG block length; analyzed size, morphology, gold concentration, and stability.

Main Results:

Colloidal gold concentration (c_Au) ranged from ∼100-150 μg/mL, with postformulation air flow increasing it and CT contrast.
Mean effective hydrodynamic diameters (d_h,eff) were around 150 nm, weakly affected by formulation variables.
Shorter PEG block lengths in PCL-b-PEG led to higher GNP numbers per nanoparticle (Z_ave,) and improved time stability of d_h,eff and c_Au.

Conclusions:

Shorter PEG block lengths in PCL-b-PEG copolymers enhance GNP loading and stability in GNP-PNPs.
Postformulation air flow treatment can increase gold concentration and CT contrast for imaging applications.
This research provides a guide for optimizing GNP-PNPs for enhanced CT imaging, radiotherapy, and other diagnostic/therapeutic strategies.