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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Intellectual Disability

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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

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In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
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Learning Disabilities01:25

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
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Racial Disproportionality in Autism Over 20 Years: What It Means for Special Education Disability Classifications.

Hyejung Kim1, Jessica M Reinartz2, Jami Fabrizio3

  • 1Department of Teaching Learning and Educational Leadership, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA. hyejungk@binghamton.edu.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|December 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Racial and ethnic disparities exist in autism prevalence and educational labeling among students. Special education

Keywords:
AutismDisabilityDisproportionalityEthnicityRaceSpecial education

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Area of Science:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) research
  • Special Education
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Autism prevalence estimates can be influenced by diagnostic and educational classification practices.
  • Understanding disparities in autism identification is crucial for equitable support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine changes in educational labels for students diagnosed with autism over two decades.
  • To investigate racial and ethnic disparities in these labeling changes.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary data analysis of three National Longitudinal Transition Studies (NLTS) surveys.
  • Utilized SPSS Complex Samples module for longitudinal data analysis.
  • Focused on percentage distribution of educational labels over time.

Main Results:

  • Students diagnosed with autism are frequently categorized under other special education labels.
  • Significant racial and ethnic disparities were found in autism categorizations.
  • These disparities intersect with categories like other health impairments and intellectual disabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Racial disproportionality in special education autism categories may misrepresent true prevalence.
  • Special education disability designation mechanisms could contribute to inaccurate autism representation.
  • Further research is needed to address disparities in autism identification and support.