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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

655
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
655

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Discrimination of Seven Immune Cell Subsets by Two-fluorochrome Flow Cytometry
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Deep profiling deconstructs features associated with memory CD8+ T cell tissue residence.

Milcah C Scott1, Zoë Steier2, Mark J Pierson3

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

Immunity
|December 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (Trm) cells are crucial for immunity but defining them is challenging. This study reveals that Trm cell identity is complex and context-dependent, not a single signature.

Keywords:
CD69CITE-seqantigen persistencecell markersdirty miceinfectionmemory CD8(+) T cellsmigrationtissue-resident memory T cells

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (Trm) cells are vital for controlling infections and cancer.
  • Defining Trm cells is challenging due to their non-recirculating nature, often relying on inferred residence proxies.
  • Existing methodologies for identifying Trm cells have limitations in universality and accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the validity and universality of current proxies used to define tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells.
  • To investigate the factors influencing Trm cell differentiation and identify robust markers of tissue residence.
  • To provide practical recommendations for evaluating Trm cells in diverse immunological contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated mouse parabiosis models with multi-organ sampling and intravascular staining.
  • Utilized acute and chronic infection models, including 'dirty mice' (mice with complex microbial environments).
  • Employed single-cell multi-omics to analyze T cell differentiation states and gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Memory T cells exhibit diverse differentiation states influenced by location, stimulation history, antigen persistence, and environmental factors.
  • A universal, residence-specific gene signature for Trm cells may not exist.
  • Identified specific genes and phenotypes that robustly correlate with tissue residence across various conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Current methods for defining Trm cells have inherent limitations due to the complexity and adaptability of T cell differentiation.
  • T cell adaptability to diverse stimulatory and environmental inputs is broad.
  • Provides refined strategies and recommendations for more accurate Trm cell evaluation.