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Does Your Gender Impact Resident Operative Experience? A Multi- Institutional Qualitative Study.

Polina Zmijewski1, Carla Aleman1, Nicole Panzica1

  • 1Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Female surgical residents face gender-based disparities in operative experience due to cultural norms. Addressing microaggressions and implementing structured mentorship can improve equity in surgical training.

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Disparitiescase logssex disparitiessurgical residencysurgical trainingtraining disparities

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Training
  • Gender Studies in Medicine

Background:

  • Quantitative data indicates female surgical residents perform significantly fewer cases than male counterparts.
  • This disparity equates to 1-3 months less operative experience for female residents.
  • Focus groups were conducted to explore the reasons behind these observed differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the experiences of female general surgery residents regarding operative disparities.
  • To identify barriers contributing to reduced surgical case numbers for female residents.
  • To explore potential avenues for improving operative experience equity.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-five female general surgery residents from 21 programs participated.
  • Nine virtual focus groups, each lasting one hour, were conducted.
  • Transcripts were coded for themes by three independent reviewers to ensure reliability.

Main Results:

  • Residents reported "microaggressions" and pressure to balance assertiveness with perception.
  • Barriers included disproportionate floor work, lack of respect, and reluctance to "claim space."
  • Concerns about pregnancy discrimination and inadequate lactation support were raised; suggested improvements included diverse faculty and structured mentorship.

Conclusions:

  • Gender-dominant cultural norms negatively impact female residents' operative experience.
  • Solutions include equity education, clear expectations for staff, and structured mentorship programs.
  • These interventions aim to remediate disparities in surgical residency education.