The Effect of Climate Change on Allergen and Irritant Exposure

As the effects of anthropogenic climate change have become more apparent, the influences of climate and extreme weather events on health have continued to gain attention. The fact Earth has warmed over the past century is indisputable and the rate of warming is more alarming. As a result of anthropogenic climate change, an alteration in the air mixture has occurred over time. These changes have increased human exposures to respiratory irritants such as ground-level ozone, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A significant amount of research has investigated the effects of climate change on aeroallergens, which has shown that elevated temperatures and increased carbon dioxide levels have produced prolonged and more robust pollen seasons for most taxa studied. In addition, it appears possible that exposure of some plants to air pollution may result in more allergenic pollen. Increased human exposures to these respiratory irritants and aeroallergens appears to disproportionality effect vulnerable populations throughout the world. It is essential to understand that climate change is more than an environmental inconvenience and realize the effects to human health are directly related and conceivably immeasurable. It is vital to conduct additional research related to climate change and health that is collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary. There should be a focus on risk reduction, mitigation, and preparedness for climate change and extreme weather events for all populations around the globe.