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Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
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Related Experiment Video

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How to undertake peripheral intravenous cannulation.

Victoria Hill1

  • 1School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, England.

Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
|December 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Peripheral intravenous (IV) cannulation requires healthcare professional training for safe and effective patient care. Understanding anatomy, risks, and benefits enhances practice, reduces errors, and improves patient experience during this common procedure.

Keywords:
bloodblood administrationcannulationclinicalclinical skillsdecannulationintravenous therapynursing careprofessionalvenepuncture

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Procedures
  • Nursing Practice
  • Patient Care

Background:

  • Peripheral intravenous (IV) cannulation is a frequent healthcare intervention for fluid, blood, and medication administration, and blood sampling.
  • Effective and safe performance necessitates comprehensive training for healthcare professionals.
  • Knowledge of vein anatomy, procedure risks, and benefits is crucial for optimal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline essential knowledge and skills for safe peripheral IV cannulation in adults.
  • To emphasize the importance of understanding indications, pain management, and post-procedure care.
  • To support evidence-based practice and enhance the patient experience.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current practices and guidelines for peripheral IV cannulation.
  • Discussion of anatomical considerations, risks, benefits, and indications.
  • Exploration of pharmacological and psychological strategies for pain and anxiety management.
  • Emphasis on post-cannulation care for maintaining patency and patient safety.

Main Results:

  • Knowledge of anatomy and procedure details improves safety, reduces errors, and lowers infection risk.
  • Understanding indications ensures appropriate use for short-term interventions like medication and fluid administration.
  • Pain and anxiety can be managed through pharmacological and psychological interventions.
  • Ongoing nursing care is vital for preserving cannula function and patient well-being.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral IV cannulation requires skilled practitioners with a strong understanding of anatomy, indications, and potential complications.
  • Holistic patient care involves addressing pain and anxiety and ensuring proper post-procedure maintenance.
  • Continuous education and reflective practice are key to maintaining high standards in IV cannulation.