Relation between dysbiosis and inborn errors of immunity

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Microbiology
• Genetics

Background:

• Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) encompass diverse genetic disorders affecting immune system function.
• Clinical manifestations in IEI are often exacerbated by inflammatory and immune dysregulation linked to microbial dysbiosis.
• Specific IEI, like common variable immunodeficiency and hyper-IgE syndrome, show altered gut and oral microbiota.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the relationship between IEI and microbial dysbiosis.
• To investigate the potential of microbiota modulation as a therapeutic strategy for IEI patients.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on IEI and associated microbial alterations.
• Analysis of studies examining gut and oral microbiota in IEI patients.
• Identification of therapeutic interventions targeting microbiota modification.

Main Results:

• Reduced microbial diversity in the gut microbiota of common variable immunodeficiency patients correlates with disease severity.
• STAT3/Th17 pathway compromise in hyper-IgE syndrome can lead to oral dysbiosis and pathogenic *Candida albicans*.
• Microbiota modification strategies show promise in restoring balance and reducing pathogenicity.

Conclusions:

• Dysbiosis is a significant factor contributing to the phenotype and complications of IEI.
• Therapeutic interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation offer potential treatment avenues for IEI.
• Ongoing clinical trials aim to further elucidate the impact of dysbiosis on IEI and its therapeutic implications.