Functional Outcomes in the Distal End of Radius Fracture: A Prospective Study in a Tertiary Care Center

The objectives of this study are to determine the functional outcomes and compare them between conservative and surgical management in patients managed for closed-type intra-articular distal end of radius fractures.

A prospective observational study was done on 150 patients who underwent treatment for closed-type intra-articular distal end of radius fractures. As per Frykman Classification, they were type III. Patients were either managed conservatively, i.e. 100 patients out of 150 and surgical management was done in 50 cases. For surgical management, implants used were K-wires, Schanz pins, and Ellis Plate. The functional outcomes were noted in terms of pain and range of motion, in the follow up of six months. Union was noted clinically and radiologically.

The mean age of the study patients was 42.32 ± 15.77 years. Out of 150 patients, there were 100 (66.67%) male patients. Compared to conservative management, surgical management had significantly lesser time of union (12 vs. 20 weeks, P<0.0001); significantly more excellent results (44% vs. 30%), more good results (32% vs. 15%) (P=0.003); comparable pain score (P=0.236); and comparable functional score (P=0.661). Regarding radiological outcomes, surgical management had significantly more volar tilt (9.6±2.5° vs. 8±5°, P=0.035); lesser Ulnar variance (3±2 vs. 4±2 mm, P=0.004), lesser grip strength <50% (26% vs. 65%, P<0.0001); comparable radial inclination (21±4° vs. 20±5°, P=0.661); and comparable radial height (11±3 vs. 10±5 mm, P=0.195) Conclusion: To conclude, surgery for distal radius fractures promotes faster healing, lesser pain, lesser malunion, and better functional outcomes. However, it is not without potential risks. Non-surgical treatment is still a suitable option, for patients with contraindications to surgery or having lower need for functional improvement.