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Neonatal Late-Onset Sepsis Due to Acinetobacter baumannii: A Case Report
Marta Oliveira Martins1, Rita Marchante Pita1, Mayara Nogueira2
1Pediatrics Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Coimbra, PRT.
Cureus
|December 23, 2024
Summary
Late-onset sepsis (LOS) in neonates can be severe. This case highlights a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection in a preterm infant, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring and tailored antibiotic treatment.
Area of Science:
- Neonatology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Late-onset sepsis (LOS) poses significant risks to neonates, often linked to hospital or community-acquired pathogens.
- Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are environments where vulnerable infants face risks of infection.
Observation:
- A late preterm neonate (36 weeks, 2 days, 1700g) developed LOS on day four of life.
- Clinical signs included fever, lethargy, mild thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and lymphopenia.
- Blood cultures identified multidrug-resistant (MDR) *Acinetobacter baumannii* as the causative agent.
Findings:
- Empirical vancomycin and gentamicin treatment was switched to gentamicin and meropenem based on antibiogram results.
- The neonate showed a rapid and positive clinical and laboratory response to the adjusted antibiotic regimen.
- This case represents a rare occurrence of MDR *Acinetobacter baumannii* causing LOS in this NICU.
Implications:
- Highlights the increasing threat of MDR organisms in NICU settings.
- Underscores the importance of prompt diagnosis and targeted antimicrobial therapy for LOS.
- Provides insights into the management of *Acinetobacter baumannii* infections in neonates.
