Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

84.7K
Overview
84.7K
Pedigree Analysis01:35

Pedigree Analysis

78.8K
Overview
78.8K
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

31.2K
Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
31.2K
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

159
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
159
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

20
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
20
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

28
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
28

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neurofilament Light Chain in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Identifies Patients With Minimal and Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·2026
Same author

Feasibility Study of an Early, Interdisciplinary, Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Patients at Risk of Developing Persistent Post-Traumatic Headache: The PTHEENOT intervention.

Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare·2026
Same author

Comparative effectiveness of ocrelizumab in subgroups of patients with multiple sclerosis: a multi-registry observational cohort study.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same author

[Developing anti-CD20 molecules and B cell depletion in multiple sclerosis].

Ideggyogyaszati szemle·2026
Same author

Differential Progression of Neuroinflammation in Patients with Isolated Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
Same author

Expert Opinion on Age-Related Sex Hormone Changes and Hypogonadism in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Delphi Consensus Program.

Neurology. Clinical practice·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

57.9K

Patterns and predictors of multiple sclerosis phenotype transition.

Luigi Pontieri1, Nupur Greene2, Malthe Faurschou Wandall-Holm1

  • 1The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark.

Brain Communications
|December 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals factors predicting multiple sclerosis progression. Older age and male sex increase the risk of transitioning to non-relapsing secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, while fewer relapses and higher disability decrease it.

Keywords:
multiple sclerosisreal-world dataregistry studysecondary progressive multiple sclerosis

More Related Videos

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

10.7K
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

57.9K
A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

10.7K
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Clinical Epidemiology

Background:

  • Limited therapeutic options exist for non-active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS).
  • Understanding phenotype transitions is crucial for managing multiple sclerosis (MS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore patterns and predictors of transitioning between relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), active SPMS, and non-active SPMS phenotypes.
  • To identify factors influencing progression from RRMS to SPMS and between SPMS states.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study using The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry.
  • Included 4413 patients with RRMS, analyzing transitions to SPMS using a multi-state Markov model.
  • Defined phenotypes based on relapses within the previous two years.

Main Results:

  • Older age, male sex, fewer relapses, higher EDSS, and longer DMT use predicted transition from RRMS to non-relapsing SPMS.
  • No significant predictors were found for transition from relapsing SPMS to non-relapsing SPMS.
  • Older age prevented transition from non-relapsing SPMS to relapsing SPMS.

Conclusions:

  • Transition to non-relapsing SPMS from RRMS is influenced by established MS progression factors.
  • Subsequent transitions between SPMS phenotypes are primarily age-dependent.
  • Findings contribute to understanding non-active SPMS and highlight unmet therapeutic needs.