Undergraduate setup for measuring the Bell inequalities and performing quantum state tomography

Area of Science:

• Quantum Physics
• Quantum Technologies
• Quantum Information Science

Background:

• Quantum entanglement and superposition are core concepts in quantum technologies.
• The non-intuitive nature of quantum mechanics presents a significant educational challenge.
• Hands-on experimental systems are crucial for effective student learning in quantum physics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a cost-effective and versatile entangled photon system for educational purposes.
• To enable students to perform Bell tests (CHSH inequality) and quantum state tomography.
• To enhance accessibility of quantum physics experimentation in academic settings.

Main Methods:

• Development of an entangled photon system capable of performing Bell tests.
• Implementation of quantum state tomography for analyzing two-photon states.
• Design of versatile classroom operating modes with two experimental variants.

Main Results:

• Demonstrated successful manipulation of quantum states of photons.
• Achieved high-fidelity entangled photon states.
• Obtained significant violations of Bell's inequalities, confirming quantum correlations.

Conclusions:

• The developed entangled photon system is a valuable tool for quantum physics education.
• The setup's simplicity and affordability increase accessibility for student laboratories.
• Students can gain practical experience with fundamental quantum phenomena like entanglement and superposition.