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Related Concept Videos

Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

507
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
507
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.2K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
41.2K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

14.1K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
14.1K
Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

563
Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
563
Precipitation Reactions03:10

Precipitation Reactions

50.1K
In a precipitation reaction, aqueous solutions of soluble salts react to give an insoluble ionic compound – the precipitate. The reaction occurs when oppositely charged ions in solution overcome their attraction for water and bind to each other, forming a precipitate that separates out from the solution. Since such reactions involve the exchange of ions between ionic compounds in aqueous solution, they are also referred to as double displacement, double replacement, exchange reactions, or...
50.1K
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

27.6K
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
27.6K

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Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
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Coherent-Precipitation-Stabilized Phase Formation in Over-Stoichiometric Rocksalt-Type Li Superionic Conductors.

Yu Chen1,2, Xinye Zhao1,2, Ke Chen3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|December 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored the synthesis of over-stoichiometric rocksalt (ORX) materials, focusing on a lithium superionic conductor. Fast cooling and post-annealing unlock metastable phases, enhancing ionic conductivity in these promising materials.

Keywords:
Li superionic conductivitycoherent precipitationface‐sharing configurationsover‐stoichiometric rocksaltsynthesis science

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Rationalizing synthetic pathways is critical for designing materials with optimized properties, particularly for polymorphic and metastable phases.
  • Over-stoichiometric rocksalt (ORX) compounds, featuring face-sharing configurations, offer unique properties but face significant synthesizability challenges.
  • Developing novel materials like lithium superionic conductors requires understanding complex phase formation mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the phase formation mechanisms in over-stoichiometric rocksalt (ORX) compounds.
  • To understand the kinetic stabilization of metastable phases in ORX materials.
  • To enhance the ionic conductivity of the o-LISO material through optimized synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated phase formation in the prototypical ORX compound, over-stoichiometric rocksalt Li-In-Sn-O (o-LISO).
  • Utilized fast cooling from a high-temperature cation-disordered rocksalt phase to form a spinel-like precipitate.
  • Employed low-temperature post-annealing to enhance ionic conductivity.

Main Results:

  • Identified that a spinel-like phase with unconventional stoichiometry precipitates coherently from a high-temperature cation-disordered rocksalt phase upon fast cooling.
  • Demonstrated that this rapid cooling process kinetically locks the system in a metastable state, preserving desired face-sharing lithium configurations.
  • Achieved enhanced ionic conductivity of >1 mS cm⁻¹ at room temperature for o-LISO through low-temperature post-annealing.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides crucial insights into the synthesis of ORX materials by controlling phase formation through kinetic stabilization.
  • Fast cooling and subsequent annealing are effective strategies for accessing and optimizing metastable ORX phases.
  • This work opens new avenues for the development and application of ORX materials, particularly in areas like superionic conduction.