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Related Concept Videos

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

1.9K
The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
1.9K
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.0K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.0K
Radical Formation: Overview01:03

Radical Formation: Overview

2.0K
A bond can be broken either by heterolytic bond cleavage to form ions or homolytic bond cleavage to yield radicals. A fishhook arrow is used to represent the motion of a single electron in homolytic bond cleavage. There are two main sources from which radicals can be formed:
Radicals from spin-paired molecules:
Radicals can be obtained from spin-paired molecules either by homolysis or electron transfer. While two radicals are formed in the former, an electron is added in the...
2.0K
Radical Formation: Abstraction00:47

Radical Formation: Abstraction

3.5K
The electron of an atom can be abstracted from a compound by a relatively unstable radical to generate a new radical of relatively greater stability. For example, an initiator which forms radicals by homolysis can abstract a suitable species like a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom from a compound to generate a new radical. This ability of radicals to propagate by abstraction is a crucial feature of radical chain reactions.
Even though homolysis produces radicals, it is different from radical...
3.5K
Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals01:16

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals

2.0K
Radicals adjacent to electron-donating groups are called nucleophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with electrophilic alkenes. The SOMO–LUMO interactions are the driving force for the reaction, where the high-energy SOMO of the electron-rich, nucleophilic radicals interacts with the low-energy LUMO of the electron-deficient, electrophilic alkenes. Such SOMO–LUMO interactions are the basis of reactive radical traps, affecting the selectivity in radical reactions. For...
2.0K
Radical Formation: Addition00:47

Radical Formation: Addition

1.7K
Radicals can be formed by adding a radical to a spin-paired molecule. This is typically observed with unsaturated species, where the addition of a radical across the π bond leads to the production of a new radical by dissolving the π bond. For example, the addition of a Br radical to an alkene yields a carbon-centered radical.
Similar to charge conservation in chemical reactions, spin conservation is implicit for radical reactions. Accordingly, the product formed must possess an...
1.7K

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Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
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Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

Published on: April 19, 2019

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Stable organic radicals - a material platform for developing molecular quantum technologies.

Wei Wu1

  • 1UCL Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. wei.wu@ucl.ac.uk.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|December 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stable organic radicals, with unpaired electron spins, are promising for quantum technologies. Their π-conjugated networks offer advancements in quantum computing, communications, and sensing.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Electron spins in stable organic radicals are fundamental units for quantum information.
  • Organic radicals offer chemical tunability and scalability for quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the state-of-the-art development of stable organic radicals.
  • To explore their applications in quantum science and technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of π-conjugated radical networks.
  • Analysis of spin dynamics in bi-radical molecules.
  • Exploration of quantum teleportation systems.

Main Results:

  • Stable organic radicals are applicable to quantum communications, computing, and sensing.
  • Quantum sensing of lithium ions demonstrated for energy materials.
  • Quantum teleportation via donor-acceptor-radical systems reviewed.

Conclusions:

  • Stable organic radicals, particularly π-conjugated networks, are crucial for advancing quantum technologies.
  • Further research needed in quantum timing and imaging using these materials.