Related Experiment Video

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Production of High-Titer Infectious Influenza Pseudotyped Particles with Envelope Glycoproteins from Highly Pathogenic H5N1 and Avian H7N9 Viruses
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Henipaviruses: epidemiology, ecology, disease, and the development of vaccines and therapeutics

Jessica R Spengler1, Michael K Lo1, Stephen R Welch1

  • 1Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|December 23, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Highly pathogenic henipaviruses, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), cause severe human disease. This review synthesizes current knowledge on HeV and NiV to guide the development of effective countermeasures and identify research gaps.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Henipaviruses, including Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), have caused over 30 human outbreaks in the past 30 years.
  • HeV and NiV are highly pathogenic, classified as biosafety level 4 agents, and recognized as priority pathogens by global health organizations.
  • Nipah virus (NiV) is a significant global health concern, listed by WHO, CEPI, and UKVN.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review epidemiological, ecological, clinical, and pathobiological data on HeV and NiV.
  • To provide a guide for identifying and evaluating countermeasures against henipavirus infections.
  • To discuss current therapeutic and vaccine development efforts and identify research needs.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and synthesis of existing epidemiological, ecological, clinical, and pathobiological studies.
  • Analysis of current data to inform countermeasure development.
  • Evaluation of ongoing therapeutic and vaccine research.

Main Results:

  • Henipaviruses pose a significant and ongoing threat, necessitating robust countermeasures.
  • Existing research provides a foundation for understanding henipavirus pathogenesis and transmission.
  • Therapeutic and vaccine development is underway but requires further advancement.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of henipavirus epidemiology, ecology, and pathology is crucial for effective control.
  • Continued research is vital to address limitations and fill knowledge gaps in case identification, prevention, and treatment.
  • Accelerated development and evaluation of countermeasures, including vaccines and therapeutics, are essential to mitigate the impact of henipavirus outbreaks.
Keywords:
Hendra virusNipah virusanimal modelantiviralclinical diseaseepidemiologyhenipavirustherapeuticvaccine

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