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T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Author Spotlight: Achieving High-Purity In Vitro Differentiation of Th17 Cells Using Cytokine Concentration Modulation

Author Spotlight: Achieving High-Purity In Vitro Differentiation of Th17 Cells Using Cytokine Concentration Modulation

Published on: October 25, 2024

Thiazole-Based IL-17 Inhibitors Discovered by Scaffold Morphing.

Juraj Velcicky¹, Estelle Ngo¹, Matthias R Bauer¹

¹Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.

|December 23, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel thiazole-based inhibitors targeting interleukin-17A (IL-17), a key driver in inflammatory diseases. These potent, orally available compounds show promise for treating conditions like psoriasis with minimal side effects.

Keywords:

IL-17 Pharmacokinetic Thiazole X-Ray

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Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Area of Science:

Medicinal Chemistry
Immunology
Drug Discovery

Background:

Interleukin-17A (IL-17) is crucial for immunity but implicated in inflammatory diseases like psoriasis.
Current treatments include IL-17 antibodies, but low molecular weight inhibitors are sought.
Psoriasis treatment is an active area of pharmaceutical research.

Purpose of the Study:

To discover and develop novel, low molecular weight inhibitors of IL-17.
To explore a scaffold-morphing strategy for generating potent IL-17 inhibitors.
To assess the pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of new thiazole-based compounds.

Main Methods:

Utilized a scaffold-morphing strategy involving ring-opening of a known scaffold.
Employed a chalcogen interaction to maintain molecular conformation.
Synthesized and optimized thiazole-based compounds.
Evaluated compound potency, oral exposure in rats, and tolerability.

Main Results:

Discovered potent IL-17 inhibitors based on a novel thiazole scaffold.
Optimized compounds 11 and 15 exhibited good oral exposure in rats.
Compound 11 showed no adverse effects in a rat tolerability study at high doses.
The developed compounds demonstrated a good overall profile.

Conclusions:

The scaffold-morphing strategy successfully yielded potent IL-17 inhibitors.
Thiazole-based compounds represent a promising new class of IL-17 inhibitors.
Optimized compounds possess favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles for potential therapeutic use.