Molecular Micellar Aggregate Electrolytes Enable Durable Electrochemical Proton Storage.

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Materials Science
• Energy Storage

Background:

• Proton electrochemistry offers high capacity and rate energy storage potential.
• Aqueous electrolytes face challenges like water decomposition and electrode corrosion, limiting device lifespan.
• Developing stable non-aqueous electrolytes is crucial for advancing proton-based energy storage.

Purpose of the Study:

• To design stable, high-voltage non-aqueous electrolytes for electrochemical proton storage.
• To utilize molecular micellar aggregates to enhance proton transport and electrolyte stability.
• To investigate the impact of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on electrolyte performance.

Main Methods:

• Formulation of non-aqueous electrolytes using acetonitrile (ACN) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) with varying concentrations of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).
• Characterization of micellar aggregate formation and its influence on proton transport.
• Electrochemical testing of the electrolyte in an asymmetric full proton battery configuration.

Main Results:

• Molecular micellar aggregates formed by CTAB improved ACN and H3PO4 miscibility and facilitated proton transport.
• The non-aqueous electrolyte exhibited a widened operating voltage (1.8 V) compared to aqueous electrolytes (1.5 V).
• An asymmetric full proton battery achieved a maximum energy density of 102.8 Wh/kg and a maximum power density of 10.1 kW/kg.

Conclusions:

• Molecular micellar aggregates provide a stable and efficient platform for electrochemical proton storage.
• The developed non-aqueous electrolyte system overcomes limitations of aqueous electrolytes, enabling enhanced performance.
• This strategy holds significant potential for grid-scale energy storage, portable electronics, and emergency power applications.