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Association between cardiac autonomic regulation, visceral adipose tissue, cardiorespiratory fitness and ambient air

Tomas Dostal1, Martina Dankova2, Tomas Barot3

  • 1Department of Human Movement Studies & Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.

Plos One
|December 23, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and age are linked to heart rate variability (HRV), but long-term air pollution exposure is not. This study examined HRV in relation to CRF, visceral adipose tissue, and air pollution.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Environmental Health
  • Autonomic Nervous System Function

Background:

  • Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects cardiac autonomic regulation.
  • Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and air pollution exposure are potential modulators of HRV.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for public health, particularly in diverse environmental conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between cardiac autonomic regulation (HRV) and CRF, VAT, and long-term exposure to high or low air pollution.
  • To evaluate the influence of region, sex, and socioeconomic status on HRV in relation to environmental factors.
  • To identify key determinants of HRV in a cohort of healthy adults.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional cohort study involving 1036 healthy participants (runners and inactive individuals) aged 18-65.
  • Participants resided in areas with high (Moravian-Silesian) or low (South Bohemian) air pollution for at least 5 years.
  • Multivariable regression analysis assessed associations between HRV (rMSSD) and independent variables including CRF (peak oxygen consumption), VAT, sex, education, and region.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac autonomic regulation (rMSSD) was significantly associated with CRF (p < .001) and age (p < .001).
  • No significant associations were found between rMSSD and region (air pollution levels), sex, education level, or VAT (p > 0.050).
  • The findings indicate that environmental pollution levels did not significantly impact HRV in this cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term living in areas with high or low air pollution is not associated with cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy individuals.
  • Cardiorespiratory fitness and age are significant predictors of HRV, showing direct and inverse associations, respectively.
  • No other tested factors, including sex, socioeconomic status, or VAT, demonstrated significant associations with HRV in this study.
Abstract

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