Cryothermal mapping of recurrent ventricular tachycardia in man

Intraoperative reversible cryothermal mapping of recurrent ventricular tachycardia was performed in seven patients with left ventricular aneurysms with use of a 0 degrees C ice probe. A single, reproducible cryotermination site was found in each patient. The cryotermination site was uniformly located in an area where local electrograms obtained during ventricular tachycardia showed electrical activation during the diastolic portion of the surface electrocardiogram, and was different than the site of activation coincident with the onset of the QRS complex on the surface electrocardiogram (earliest reactivation site or ERS) by 4.5 +/- 2.7 cm (mean +/- SD) in five of seven patients. Sinus rhythm late potentials were recorded at the cryotermination site in five of six patients and from the ERS in one. In five patients, extensive subendocardial resection including both the ERS and cryotermination sites was performed. In two patients only the cryotermination site was excised. In six survivors, including one in whom only the cryotermination site was excised, ventricular tachycardia could not be induced 2 weeks after surgery and has not recurred during the follow-up period of 7 to 17 months (12 +/- 4.5 months, mean +/- SD). Reversible cryothermal mapping may provide additional important information not obtained by standard electrogram mapping of ventricular tachycardia that may help guide surgical therapy of recurrent ventricular tachycardia.