AIEgen-biomacromolecule conjugates: Visualized delivery and light-controlled theranostic platforms

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Theranostics

Background:

• Biomacromolecules are crucial for disease diagnosis and treatment.
• Conventional carriers for biomacromolecules have limitations in tracking, controlled release, and potential adverse effects.
• Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) offer unique advantages for enhanced biomacromolecule delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize advancements in using AIEgens for visualized biomacromolecule delivery.
• To highlight light-controlled theranostic applications of AIEgen-functionalized biomacromolecules.
• To discuss the potential of AIEgens in overcoming challenges in targeted imaging and precision medicine.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent literature on AIEgen-functionalized biomacromolecules.
• Analysis of covalent linkage strategies for AIEgen conjugation.
• Exploration of biomedical applications including gene therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and diagnostic imaging.

Main Results:

• AIEgens enable real-time fluorescence imaging of biomacromolecule delivery, biodistribution, and cellular uptake.
• AIEgens facilitate light-controlled cargo release and imaging-guided PDT with spatiotemporal precision.
• Functionalization of nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids with AIEgens shows promise in various therapeutic and diagnostic contexts.

Conclusions:

• AIEgen-functionalized biomacromolecules represent a significant advancement in precision theranostics.
• This approach offers potential for improved cancer therapy, disease diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatments.
• Future research should focus on addressing challenges and exploring further opportunities in this field.