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The fraction of cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors in Turkey in 2018

Busra Tozduman1, Gul Ergor1

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.

International Journal of Cancer
|December 24, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Lifestyle factors like smoking and obesity significantly contribute to cancer cases and deaths in Turkey. Addressing these modifiable risks could prevent a substantial portion of the cancer burden, informing public health strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cancer is a leading cause of death in Turkey, with significant mortality linked to modifiable lifestyle factors.
  • Approximately 30%-50% of cancer cases and deaths may be preventable through lifestyle modifications.
  • Understanding the population attributable fraction (PAF) of these factors is crucial for targeted prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer cases and deaths attributed to modifiable lifestyle risk factors in Turkey.
  • To identify the most impactful risk factors for cancer incidence and mortality in the Turkish population.
  • To provide evidence for developing effective cancer prevention strategies and public health policies.

Main Methods:

  • Identified modifiable cancer risk factors including smoking, infections, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol, and dietary factors.
  • Utilized national survey data for exposure prevalence and cancer incidence, with relative risks from global studies.
  • Calculated population attributable fractions (PAFs) using Levin's equation, incorporating overlaps between risk factors.

Main Results:

  • In 2018, 32% of cancer cases and 41.6% of cancer deaths in Turkey were attributable to modifiable lifestyle factors.
  • Smoking was the leading risk factor for cancer cases in men (28.4%), while high Body Mass Index (BMI) led in women (11.5%).
  • Smoking was identified as the primary contributor to cancer mortality across the population.

Conclusions:

  • Modifiable lifestyle factors represent a significant burden of cancer incidence and mortality in Turkey.
  • Interventions targeting tobacco use and obesity are critical for reducing the overall cancer burden.
  • The findings underscore the importance of evidence-based strategies for cancer prevention and public health policy in Turkey.
Keywords:
cancerepidemiologylifestyle risk factorspopulation attributable fraction

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