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Cardiovascular Complications in Children Post COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Alireza Ahmadi1, Mohammad Reza Sabri1, Mehdi Ghaderian1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Advanced Biomedical Research
|December 24, 2024
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 can cause cardiovascular issues in children, but no deaths were reported in healthy children studied. Supraventricular arrhythmias, ventricular arrhythmias, and left ventricular dysfunction were the most common cardiac complications observed.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Cardiovascular complications are a significant threat in pediatric SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infections.
  • Understanding these involvements is crucial for preventing mortality in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze cardiovascular complications in children diagnosed with COVID-19.
  • To identify the most frequent cardiac manifestations and outcomes in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar) and Persian databases.
  • Articles published between January 2020 and November 2022 focusing on pediatric COVID-19 cardiovascular involvement were included.

Main Results:

  • No deaths directly attributed to cardiovascular involvement were reported in the studied cohort of healthy children with COVID-19.
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG) findings indicated supraventricular arrhythmias (SVA) and ventricular arrhythmias (VA) as prevalent.
  • Echocardiogram (echo) findings highlighted left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) as a common cardiovascular consequence.

Conclusions:

  • While COVID-19 can lead to various cardiovascular manifestations in children, healthy pediatric patients in this review did not experience mortality from these complications.
  • Arrhythmias (SVA, VA) and left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) represent key areas of cardiovascular concern in pediatric COVID-19 cases.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular complicationschildrencoronavirusechocardiographysevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

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