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Related Concept Videos

Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
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Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
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Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Gross Anatomy of the Liver01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Liver

227
The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
Located under the diaphragm, the liver is almost entirely ensconced within the rib cage, providing it with substantial protection. Except for the superior most bare area, the liver's surface is...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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The Murine Choline-Deficient, Ethionine-Supplemented CDE Diet Model of Chronic Liver Injury
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Evolutionary View of Liver Pathology.

Katalin Dezső1, Sándor Paku1, Mária-Manuela Juhász1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary.

Evolutionary Applications
|December 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Evolutionary medicine offers insights into liver disease by examining maladaptation in humans. Applying evolutionary principles can enhance understanding and potentially improve treatments for hepatology conditions.

Keywords:
evolutionhepatitishepatocarcinogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary medicine
  • Hepatology
  • Human adaptation

Background:

  • Evolutionary medicine integrates natural selection and adaptation with health sciences.
  • A growing mismatch exists between human biology and the modern environment, leading to maladaptive disorders.
  • Maladaptation is implicated in numerous diseases, including liver dysfunction, yet evolutionary perspectives are underutilized in hepatology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the value of an evolutionary approach in understanding liver diseases.
  • To bridge the gap between evolutionary principles and medical practice in hepatology.
  • To encourage the integration of evolutionary considerations into the study of liver health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evolutionary medicine principles.
  • Analysis of maladaptation in the context of human biology and environment.
  • Application of evolutionary concepts to hepatology.

Main Results:

  • Identified a significant gap between human biology and environmental factors contributing to disease.
  • Demonstrated the relevance of evolutionary principles to understanding liver dysfunction.
  • Highlighted the neglect of evolutionary considerations in current hepatology practice.

Conclusions:

  • An evolutionary approach can significantly enhance the understanding of liver diseases.
  • Integrating evolutionary medicine into hepatology may reveal new insights and therapeutic strategies.
  • Further exploration of evolutionary perspectives is crucial for advancing liver disease research and treatment.