Transcriptomics in Human Septic Shock: State of the Art

Septic shock is a complex syndrome characterized by signs of intense systemic inflammation and a profound dysregulation of the immune response. Large-scale gene expression analysis is a valuable tool in this scenario because sepsis affects various cellular components and signaling pathways. In this article, we provide an overview of the transcriptomic studies that investigated human sepsis from 2007 to 2024, highlighting their major contributions. The field, however, still faces substantial limitations and several challenges. To advance further, we believe that standardization of sample collection and data analysis, preservation of cell and tissue architecture, and integration with other omics techniques are crucial for a broader understanding of this lethal disease.