Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Ultrasound in Gluteal Fat Grafting: Safety Tool, Standard of Care, or Emerging Evidence?: A Scoping Review.

Aesthetic surgery journal·2026

Same author

Possible Founder Effect of the CDKN2A c.146T>C Variant in the Mexican Population: Phenotypic Characterization.

Genes·2026

Same author

Admission Serum Ferritin Levels as a Predictor of Severe Disease in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients in Mexico.

Mediators of inflammation·2026

Same author

[Hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast media: Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Position Statement of the Drug Allergy Committee of the Mexican College of Clinical Immunology and Allergy].

Revista alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico : 1993)·2026

Same author

Farewell, grief and depression of individuals who lost close relatives during social isolation: A mixed methods study.

Atencion primaria·2026

Same author

The Jefferson scale of attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration: Spanish validation and relationship with empathy and personality traits in medical residents.

Journal of interprofessional care·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2025

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Testicular Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Carlos Eduardo Salazar-Mejía¹, Rosalaura Virginia Villarreal-González¹, Oscar Vidal-Gutiérrez¹

¹Oncology Service, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer (CUCC), Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.

Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology

|December 24, 2024

Summary

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show limited efficacy in chemotherapy-refractory germ cell tumors (GCTs). Durable responses were observed in patients with high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) or MSI-H/dMMR GCTs.

Keywords:

germ cell tumors immune checkpoint inhibitors testicular cancer

More Related Videos

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood

Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood

Published on: February 5, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2025

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood

Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood

Published on: February 5, 2020

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunotherapy

Background:

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are generally chemosensitive, but a subset becomes refractory to chemotherapy, posing significant treatment challenges.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are approved for chemotherapy-refractory GCTs, yet supporting evidence is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with chemotherapy-refractory germ cell tumors (GCTs).

Main Methods:

A systematic literature search identified 13 studies (n=106) including case reports, a retrospective cohort, and Phase II randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to December 2023.
Studies evaluated oncological outcomes in patients with GCTs refractory to chemotherapy treated with ICIs, with most lacking biomarker selection criteria.

Main Results:

Overall response rates were low (median 3.4%), with progressive disease being the most common outcome (75%).
Limited activity was observed for ICIs as a single agent in unselected patients.
Durable responses were noted in patients with high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) or high microsatellite instability (MSI-H)/dMMR GCTs.

Conclusions:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrate limited efficacy as a monotherapy for unselected patients with chemotherapy-refractory GCTs.
Biomarker selection, particularly for TMB-H or MSI-H/dMMR status, may identify GCT patients who could benefit from ICI treatment.