Coriander: A holistic outlook on its chemistry and pharmacology

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a nutraceutically renowned annual herb from Apiaceae family and used in cuisines in different countries in different ways to enhance the tastes, flavour and nutritional values of foods. Fruit (seed) has several medicinally valuable chemical components viz. Linalool, Geranyl acetate, Limonene, Camphor, Geraniol, and other while leaves are rich in (E)-2-Decenal, (E)-2-Dodecenal, Linalool, (E)-2-Undecenal, Decanol and other as the major constituents along with various noteworthy minor components. It has numerous traditional medicinal applications like useful in joint pain, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, digestive stimulant, carminative, anti-bilious, etc. Thus, this review has been prepared to comprehensively disclose its chemical constituents, chemical structures and main applications i.e. antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-allergic, anti-aging, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-diabetic, anxiolytic effect, role in food preservation, skin sensitivity, natural alternative of antibiotics, and other miscellaneous applications. Toxicity of coriander has also been briefly described to present its safety profile.